{"id":574,"date":"2017-07-18T15:58:30","date_gmt":"2017-07-18T14:58:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/?page_id=574"},"modified":"2017-09-01T12:57:47","modified_gmt":"2017-09-01T11:57:47","slug":"the-quatre-fleurs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/","title":{"rendered":"The &#8216;Quatre Fleurs&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Within 16<sup>th<\/sup> century Ottoman culture, gardens were both spiritual and intellectual spaces. Gardens were places for the religious scholars (<em>meclis-i ulema<\/em>) to study and contemplate the marvels of Allah the Creator. Flowers evoked Qur\u2019anic descriptions of Paradise and the garden of Eden.<sup>[1]\u00a0<\/sup>Also, gardens were spaces for cultured companionship (<em>sohbet<\/em>) between courtiers and intellectuals.<sup>[2]\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-574 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/02-ottomangardens_clip_image002\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"172\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/02-ottomangardens_clip_image002.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"The Courtauld&#039;s Iznik Dish minature painting detail\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-576\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-576'>\n\t\t\t\t This miniature painting shows Nahils. These were artificial trees, decorated with flowers and fruit symbolising long life and abundance, and were presented at weddings and circumcisions. \u015eehin\u015fehname [The book of the king of kings], written by famous court annalist Seyyid Lokman and Illustrated by Nakka\u015f Osman, 1598.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/ottoman-gardens-european-eyes\/02-ottomangardens_clip_image004\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"211\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/02-ottomangardens_clip_image004.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"illustration of Sufi Imams with high green hats and their followers performing their rituals\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-571\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-571'>\n\t\t\t\tSufi Imams (with high green hats) and their followers performing their rituals. In the centre of the Hippodrome, a huge Tulip flower representing divinity.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Outdoor social gatherings were fundamental to Ottoman society as a whole, and a central activity in the culture of the educated elite.<sup>[3]\u00a0<\/sup>16<sup>th<\/sup>-century Ottoman miniatures exhibit gardens as ideal spaces for all sorts of social gatherings \u2013 dinners, holiday festivities, circumcision feasts and weddings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><q>Whoever wants a party in the rose garden<br \/>\n let him have private <em>sohbet<\/em><br \/>\n With a beloved whose hair is a hyacinth<br \/>\n whose face is a rose, lips a bud<\/q><br \/>\n <cite>Revani (d. 1524)<\/cite><\/p>\n<h3>The Tulip (<em>l<\/em><em>\u00e2le<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/tulip.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-562 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/tulip.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"167\" height=\"318\" \/><\/a>On The Courtauld dish, the pair of tulips is the obvious focal point. This resonates with the mystic (Sufi) perception of the \u2018centred\u2019 divine manifestation. Within Ottoman culture, the tulip had a special symbolic importance and was regarded as the holiest of all the flowers.<\/p>\n<p>The Ottomans embroidered tulips onto underclothes, as amulets, to guard themselves against danger, harm or misfortune. It was the flower of God because the letters used in the Ottoman word for tulip (<span dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/span>) are the letters used to write the name of God (<span dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/span>). The tulip also represented the virtue of modesty before God because, when in full bloom, it bows its head.<sup>[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>For the romantic poets, the tulip represented the cheek of the beloved<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><q>Those tulip-cheeked girls- what they dared do<br \/>\n in the garden!<br \/>\n Beside them, the cypress could not sway,<br \/>\n nor the rosebuds open<\/q><br \/>\n <cite>Nejati (d.1509)<\/cite><\/p>\n<h3>Carnations\u00a0(<em>karanfil<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Because of its extended blooming period, the carnation (<em>Karanfil<\/em>) was thought to be a symbol of the power and renewal of life. On<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/objects\/iznik-dish\/\"> The Courtauld dish<\/a>, the carnation, the symbol of life, twines around and embraces the tulip, the symbol of the \u2018divine\u2019 or the source of life. Based on the many Ottoman Sultans and admirals portrayed while holding a carnation, it is tempting to speculate that the carnations retained their political meaning.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-574 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/ottoman-gardens-european-eyes\/02-ottomangardens_clip_image006\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"174\" height=\"147\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/02-ottomangardens_clip_image006.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"A portrait of Hairettin Pasa, a great Navy admiral during S\u00fcleyman the Magnificent, holding the Karanfil\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-572\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-572'>\n\t\t\t\tPortrait of Hairettin Pasa, a great Navy admiral during S\u00fcleyman the Magnificent, holding the Karanfil (carnation).\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/interpreting-iznik-floral-motifs\/carnation\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"167\" height=\"254\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/carnation.gif\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"The Courtauld&#039;s Iznik Dish flower detail\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\n<h3>Hyacinth (<strong><em>s\u00fcmb\u00fcl<\/em><\/strong>)<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/hyacinth.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-560 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/hyacinth.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"115\" height=\"396\" \/><\/a>The hyacinth in the 16<sup>th<\/sup>-century Ottoman love lyric, or <em>gazel<\/em>, has been interpreted as a metaphor for the beloved\u2019s curls.<sup>[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><q>What do you say about that Hyacinth curl,<br \/>\n along with those cheeks of rose?<\/q><br \/>\n <cite>Revani (d. 1524)<\/cite><\/p>\n<p>Hazrat Mevlana Rumi, the founder of the Ottoman Mevlevi Sufi order, used the hyacinth to praise Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in one of his lyrics, the Na\u2019t. The \u2018exalted\u2019 hyacinth acquired a special status among the flowers representing the Prophet, and thus the poet\u2019s or artist\u2019s sincerity in loving the Prophet:<\/p>\n<p><q>Oh the Beloved of Allah! You are the Prophet of the Mighty Creator<br \/>\n You are pure and peerless amongst the servants of Allah.<br \/>\n The cypress of the Prophets\u2019 Garden, You are the spring of the world of insight<br \/>\n You are the rose of the Sharia Garden, the Exalted Hyacinth!<\/q><br \/>\n <cite>Hazrat Mevlana Rumi (c. 1258)<\/cite><\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\n<h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\n<h3>Plum Blossom (<em>karayemi\u015f<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/blossom.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-556 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/blossom.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"113\" height=\"229\" \/><\/a>The flowering plum blossoms (or prunus), the outermost floral spray on the displayed dish, was a common motif in the Kara Memi style.<\/p>\n<p>The prunus was used on the tiles of entrances to the tombs of Sultan Suleyman\u2019s wife Hasseki H\u00fcrram and the grand vizier R\u00fcstem Pa\u0219a. The prunus is also used to decorate the <em>mihrabs<\/em> and <em>minbars\u00a0<\/em>of several mosques such as those of Hasseki H\u00fcrram, Sultan Selim and Sokollu Mehmet Pa\u0219a. Its conventional decorative usage suggests it was intended to convey the lush green bounty of Paradise.<sup>[6]\u00a0<\/sup>On <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/objects\/iznik-dish\/\">the dish<\/a>, the prunus or plum blossom might then complement the mystical Sufi theme, in that, as the symbol of bounty, it encompasses all the other flowers within its perimeter.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n <span style=\"font-size: 10pt\"> <sup>[1] <em>\u00a0<\/em><\/sup>Mikhail B Piotrovsky and (ed.) John Vrieze (2000).<em> Art of Islam: Heavenly Art, Earthly Beauty. <\/em>(Amsterdam: Lund Humphries Publishers).<\/span><br \/>\n <span style=\"font-size: 10pt\"> <sup>[2] <\/sup>Walter G. Andrews and Mehmet Kalpakli (2005). <em>The Age of the Beloved: Love and the beloved in early modern Ottoman and European culture and society<\/em> (USA: Duke University Press Books). p.106.<sup>[3] <\/sup>G\u00e1bor \u00c1goston, and Bruce Alan Masters. <em>Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire<\/em>. p.272 .<\/span><br \/>\n <span style=\"font-size: 10pt\"> <sup>[4] <\/sup>Walter G. Andrews, Najaat Black and Mehmet Kalpakli (2006). <em>Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology<\/em> (University of Washington Press). p. 107.<\/span><br \/>\n <span style=\"font-size: 10pt\"> <sup>[5] <\/sup>Nurhan Atasoy, and Julian Raby (1989). <em>Iznik: The Pottery of Ottoman Turkey<\/em> (London: Alexandria Press). p.223.<\/span><br \/>\n <span style=\"font-size: 10pt\"> <sup>[6] <\/sup>Walter G. Andrews (2008). \u201cGardens\u2014Real and Imagined\u2014in the Social Ecology of Early Modern Ottoman Culture,\u201d in <em>Garden Imagination: Historical Forms and Cultural Roles<\/em>, Michel Conan, ed., Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium Series in the History of Landscape Architecture, 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Back to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/objects\/iznik-dish\/\">Iznik Dish<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Within 16th century Ottoman culture, gardens were both spiritual and intellectual spaces.<\/p>\n<p>Gardens were places for the religious scholars (meclis-i ulema) to study and contemplate the marvels of Allah the Creator.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":591,"parent":549,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-574","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The &#039;Quatre Fleurs&#039; - Illuminating Objects<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The &#039;Quatre Fleurs&#039; - Illuminating Objects\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Within 16th century Ottoman culture, gardens were both spiritual and intellectual spaces.  Gardens were places for the religious scholars (meclis-i ulema) to study and contemplate the marvels of Allah the Creator.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Illuminating Objects\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-09-01T11:57:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/haydar-reis-nigari-admiral-of-the-fleet-hizir-hayrettin-pasa-barbarossa-topkapi-palace-museum.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"368\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/illuminating-objects-home\\\/iznik-dish\\\/the-quatre-fleurs\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/illuminating-objects-home\\\/iznik-dish\\\/the-quatre-fleurs\\\/\",\"name\":\"The 'Quatre Fleurs' - Illuminating Objects\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/illuminating-objects-home\\\/iznik-dish\\\/the-quatre-fleurs\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/illuminating-objects-home\\\/iznik-dish\\\/the-quatre-fleurs\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2017\\\/07\\\/haydar-reis-nigari-admiral-of-the-fleet-hizir-hayrettin-pasa-barbarossa-topkapi-palace-museum.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-07-18T14:58:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-09-01T11:57:47+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/illuminating-objects-home\\\/iznik-dish\\\/the-quatre-fleurs\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/illuminating-objects-home\\\/iznik-dish\\\/the-quatre-fleurs\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/illuminating-objects-home\\\/iznik-dish\\\/the-quatre-fleurs\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2017\\\/07\\\/haydar-reis-nigari-admiral-of-the-fleet-hizir-hayrettin-pasa-barbarossa-topkapi-palace-museum.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/7\\\/2017\\\/07\\\/haydar-reis-nigari-admiral-of-the-fleet-hizir-hayrettin-pasa-barbarossa-topkapi-palace-museum.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":368,\"caption\":\"painting of haydar reis nigari\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/illuminating-objects-home\\\/iznik-dish\\\/the-quatre-fleurs\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Illuminating Objects Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Iznik Dish\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/illuminating-objects-home\\\/iznik-dish\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"The &#8216;Quatre Fleurs&#8217;\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/\",\"name\":\"Illuminating Objects\",\"description\":\"Shining a light on the decorative arts and sculpture collection\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/illuminating-objects\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The 'Quatre Fleurs' - Illuminating Objects","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"The 'Quatre Fleurs' - Illuminating Objects","og_description":"Within 16th century Ottoman culture, gardens were both spiritual and intellectual spaces.  Gardens were places for the religious scholars (meclis-i ulema) to study and contemplate the marvels of Allah the Creator.","og_url":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/","og_site_name":"Illuminating Objects","article_modified_time":"2017-09-01T11:57:47+00:00","og_image":[{"width":500,"height":368,"url":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/haydar-reis-nigari-admiral-of-the-fleet-hizir-hayrettin-pasa-barbarossa-topkapi-palace-museum.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/","url":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/","name":"The 'Quatre Fleurs' - Illuminating Objects","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/haydar-reis-nigari-admiral-of-the-fleet-hizir-hayrettin-pasa-barbarossa-topkapi-palace-museum.png","datePublished":"2017-07-18T14:58:30+00:00","dateModified":"2017-09-01T11:57:47+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/haydar-reis-nigari-admiral-of-the-fleet-hizir-hayrettin-pasa-barbarossa-topkapi-palace-museum.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/haydar-reis-nigari-admiral-of-the-fleet-hizir-hayrettin-pasa-barbarossa-topkapi-palace-museum.png","width":500,"height":368,"caption":"painting of haydar reis nigari"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/the-quatre-fleurs\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Illuminating Objects Home","item":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Iznik Dish","item":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/iznik-dish\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"The &#8216;Quatre Fleurs&#8217;"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/","name":"Illuminating Objects","description":"Shining a light on the decorative arts and sculpture collection","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/40"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=574"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/574\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/549"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}