{"id":465,"date":"2017-07-17T17:57:09","date_gmt":"2017-07-17T16:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/?page_id=465"},"modified":"2017-09-01T12:41:41","modified_gmt":"2017-09-01T11:41:41","slug":"thomas-gambier-parry-high-church-collector-artist","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/17th-century-pendant\/thomas-gambier-parry-high-church-collector-artist\/","title":{"rendered":"Thomas Gambier Parry: High Church Collector &amp; Artist"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_466\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-466\" style=\"width: 152px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-17.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-466\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-17-229x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"152\" height=\"199\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-466\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas Gambier Parry, collector, artist, philanthropist<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Thomas Gambier Parry (1816-1888)<\/strong> was a Victorian gentleman of enormous energy who used his wealth to explore the world, educate himself, and better the lives of others. He was a philanthropist, amateur artist, and author\u2014but he is perhaps best remembered as a discerning collector who built a formidable collection of medieval and Renaissance fine and decorative art. Gambier Parry\u2019s aesthetic sensibilities were deeply influenced by his strong religious feeling: he was a devoted Anglo-Catholic and a committed churchgoer who actively engaged in Church-related debates of his day. His collection of sacred art bears witness to a man whose love of the beautiful was deeply intertwined with his longing for the sacred.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>The Life and Legacy of Thomas Gambier Parry<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_473\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-473\" style=\"width: 262px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-18-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-473\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-18-2-300x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"262\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-18-2-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-18-2-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-18-2-1024x747.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-18-2-600x438.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 262px) 100vw, 262px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-473\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Highnam Court, seen from above with the Church of Holy Innocents in the upper right corner.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Gambier Parry\u2019s family earned their wealth as directors of the East India Trading Company. Both his parents died before he was five years old, leaving him in the care of his mother\u2019s relatives. Gambier Parry was educated at Eton and Cambridge, and in 1838, he purchased Highnam Court, an estate in Gloucestershire, where he lived for the rest of his life. \u00a0But Gambier Parry was no idle country gentleman. He travelled extensively across Europe, both with his first wife Isabella, who died in 1848, and later with his second wife, Ethelinda, building an impressive collection of art, and refining his aesthetic sensibilities.<\/p>\n<p>In 1851, Gambier Parry commissioned his friend, the High Church architect Henry Woodyer, to build a lavish church on his estate. He decorated the interior himself using an original painting technique he called \u201cSpirit Fresco.\u201d He later published both a manual on this method, as well as a treatise on his aesthetic views. In addition to these artistic pursuits, Gambier Parry devoted himself to philanthropy, founding and funding an orphanage, a school, and a children\u2019s hospital. After suffering a fatal heart attack, he was buried at Highnam Church. He was succeeded by six children, the youngest of whom was the notable composer, Sir Hubert Parry.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cWe Anglo-Catholics\u201d: Gambier Parry &amp; the Victorian Church<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_467\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-467\" style=\"width: 183px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-20.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-467\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-20-219x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"183\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-20-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-20.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 183px) 100vw, 183px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-467\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Interior view of the Gambier Parry\u2019s painted murals at Holy Innocents Church, Highnam.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>One of the most significant religious developments in Victorian Britain was the rise of Anglo-Catholicism, a movement among High Church Anglicans that sought to reconnect the English Church with its traditional roots. Anglo-Catholicism emerged in the 1830s and spread rapidly, particularly in well-educated circles of the Church of England. With renewed interest in ecclesial tradition, High Church Anglicans eventually began to revive ornate liturgical practices that had been abandoned during the Reformation. This paved the way for the development of materially rich forms of worship within Anglicanism. The beauty and ritual of the movement greatly appealed to Gambier Parry, who was a committed Anglo-Catholic. However, he had little interest in the study of doctrine, and his faith was emotional rather than intellectual. Gambier Parry\u2019s idealism is captured in a journal entry of 1852, in which he describes religion as, \u201csimple expression of feeling\u2026 undisturbed by the mere outward appearances of actual historical fact.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>Gambier Parry &amp; Ecclesiology<\/h3>\n<p>Gambier Parry\u2019s religious sensibilities aligned with Ecclesiology, a movement in High Church Anglicanism that promoted the restoration of English churches according to Gothic architectural principles. He was an active member of its leading association (the Cambridge Camden Society, later renamed the Ecclesiological Society) throughout most of his life. Like many members of the Society, his faith was fueled by his passion for architecture, and in his journals, he often reflected upon the spiritual power of churches he visited while travelling. For example, in May 1851, he described the Cathedral in Milan as an emblem of the ideal of Christian hospitality: \u201c\u2026stretching its arms north, south, east and west, it calls all the neighbouring Christians to meet together beneath its wide spread roof, and offers to them\u2026 an emblem of unity and peace.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_474\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-474\" style=\"width: 447px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-19.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-474\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-19-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"447\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-19-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-19-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-19.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-19-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-474\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cambridge \u201cRound Church\u201d was restored in the 1840s according to strict Ecclesiological principles.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Holy Innocents: Gambier Parry\u2019s Legacy of Faith<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_475\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-475\" style=\"width: 201px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-21.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-475\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-21-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"151\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-21-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-21-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-21-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-21-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-475\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The High Altar at Highnam Church.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Gambier Parry\u2019s religious idealism is perhaps best memorialized in the church he commissioned to be built on his estate at Highnam, which he considered to be his greatest legacy. Holy Innocents was designed according to Ecclesiological principles and extravagantly decorated with colourful frescos and stained glass windows. The church is a testimony to a man whose devotion to God was closely intertwined to his love for architecture. Following the consecration of Holy Innocents in 1851, Gambier Parry wrote in his journal, \u201cWhatever is good is God\u2019s doing. It is an awful privilege to be even ever so mean an instrument for good in His hands.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>The Ministry of Art: Thomas Gambier Parry on Devotion Through the Arts<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_469\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-469\" style=\"width: 116px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/image-22.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-469\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/image-22-185x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"116\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/image-22-185x300.jpg 185w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/image-22-768x1247.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/image-22-631x1024.jpg 631w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/image-22-600x974.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/image-22.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 116px) 100vw, 116px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-469\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ministry of Fine Art to the Happiness of Life (1886).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Gambier Parry\u2019s publication on his aesthetic views \u2013 titled <em>The Ministry of Fine Art to the Happiness of Life<\/em> \u2013 provides some insight into his understanding of the relationship between art and faith. While the essays provide an interesting glimpse into the mind of a nineteenth century aesthete, Gambier Parry\u2019s efforts produced neither an original, rigorous argument, nor a masterpiece of Victorian prose (the tone of his treatise is highly florid). However, the work does reveal his belief that beauty provides a bridge from this world to the next, and that art both educates us about, and connects us to, the Divine.<\/p>\n<h3>Beauty &amp; Idealism<\/h3>\n<p>\u201cThe purpose of the Fine Arts is the expression of beauty,\u201d Gambier Parry asserts at the outset of his treatise. In his view, beauty found in the world around us is always, \u201cthe symbol of that Divine light which illuminates both [nature] and [men].\u201d Gambier Parry ascribed to an idealist understanding of beauty: he believed that material forms of beauty are inferior the expression of the immaterial, inscrutable beauty of God. Beauty, he writes: \u201cspeaks, calls, appeals to him from and for a higher life than that of sense\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cArt is the Chorus of Universal Praise\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Throughout <em>The Ministry of Fine Art<\/em>, Gambier Parry expresses his conviction that art aids contemplation and enriches our spiritual life. In his chapter on sacred architecture, he proclaims, \u201cArt is the chorus of universal praise,\u201d and explains his belief that art and architecture can vitalize worship. And elsewhere, Gambier Parry writes that religious art is, \u201c\u2026an aid to the weak, a delight to the strong, a store unfailing for art to use, to adorn not walls alone but minds, with thoughts of what is highest, noblest, loveliest, that the blessed God had spread along the path of life, to lead them upward to Himself.\u201d Here again, we can see his idealism: art leads us up from our path in this life toward what is \u201chighest, noblest, [and] loveliest\u201d\u2014in essence, toward God.<\/p>\n<h3>The Book-Shaped Pendant in Thomas Gambier Parry\u2019s Collection<\/h3>\n<p>It would appear that Gambier Parry most likely acquired his pendant in 1871.<\/p>\n<p>He scrawled this date on the back of an envelope along with the following description:<\/p>\n<p><em>A delicate specimen of painting &amp; gilding on crystal. A locket in the form of a Book.<br \/>\n<\/em><em><u>Inside<\/u><\/em><em> it are painted the subjects of the Lamb of God \u2013 and St John<br \/>\n<\/em><em><u>Outside<\/u><\/em><em> the crucifixion, and Mary Magdalene holding the alabaster vase in her hand.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Paid \u00a32.00 for it<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Was there a devotional reason for his interest in the pendant? It is quite unlikely that he would have worn it, but would he have kept this object somewhere personal like a bedside table, or hung it in a chapel? While we cannot answer these questions with certainty, we can surmise a few possible reasons why the collector felt drawn to this beautiful pendant.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_468\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-468\" style=\"width: 489px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/image-23-300x170.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-468\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/image-23-300x170-300x170.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"489\" height=\"277\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-468\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The envelope on which Gambier Parry recorded his observations of the pendant<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Gambier Parry on the Art of Glass Painting<\/h3>\n<p>Gambier Parry devotes an entire chapter his book, <em>The Ministry of Fine Arts to the Happiness of Life<\/em>, to the subject of stained glass art. He felt that painting on glass was a difficult and noble artistic endeavor, \u201c\u2026with its own laws, its own powers, its own limits; \u2026it is light that has to be dealt with, not shadow; translucent glass, not solid canvas; open air, not a picture-frame\u2026\u201d Could the glass panels have reminded him of the stained-glass windows that he so admired in the great Gothic Cathedrals of Europe?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_470\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-470\" style=\"width: 306px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-24-300x194.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-470\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/07\/Image-24-300x194-300x194.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"306\" height=\"198\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-470\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gambier Parry particularly admired the stained glass windows of the Cathedral of St Gudule in Brussels.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>A Protestant-Catholic Fusion<\/h3>\n<p>Gambier Parry may have been drawn to this object for its unique book shape. He was a well-educated man with an insatiable thirst for knowledge, and the book may have inspired him. But the book also suggests more than this: the Bible is a symbol of the ideals of the Protestant Reformation, when the Scriptures were translated into vernacular and made available to all. Yet the iconographic decoration of this book resonates with a Counter-Reformation appreciation for art and beauty. We might say that the pendant fuses Protestant ideals and Catholic aesthetics, which would have suggested a meaningful emblem for the Anglo-Catholic collector\u2019s own religious identity.<\/p>\n<p>Back to <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/objects\/17th-century-pendant\/\">A 17th Century Pendant<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thomas Gambier Parry (1816-1888) was a Victorian gentleman of enormous energy who used his wealth to explore the world, educate himself, and better the lives of others. He was a philanthropist, amateur artist, and author\u2014but he is perhaps best remembered as a discerning collector who built a formidable collection of medieval and Renaissance fine and&hellip;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/17th-century-pendant\/thomas-gambier-parry-high-church-collector-artist\/\" title=\"View &lsquo;Thomas Gambier Parry: High Church Collector &amp; Artist&rsquo;\">View <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":466,"parent":396,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"class_list":["post-465","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-17th-century-pendant"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thomas Gambier Parry: High Church Collector &amp; Artist - Illuminating Objects<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/illuminating-objects\/illuminating-objects-home\/17th-century-pendant\/thomas-gambier-parry-high-church-collector-artist\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thomas Gambier Parry: High Church Collector &amp; Artist - Illuminating Objects\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thomas Gambier Parry (1816-1888) was a Victorian gentleman of enormous energy who used his wealth to explore the world, educate himself, and better the lives of others. 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