{"id":426,"date":"2019-08-07T14:05:18","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T14:05:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gobetween.wpengine.com\/?p=426"},"modified":"2020-08-05T16:23:26","modified_gmt":"2020-08-05T16:23:26","slug":"aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/2019\/08\/07\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\/","title":{"rendered":"Aya Bolt: Finbsury, Lubetkin\u2019s Socialist Utopia"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Audio Version<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Read by Christopher Williams<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Spotify Embed: Finbsury, Lubetkin\u2019s Socialist Utopia\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/6IbmnNECv45JhBMJM927kt?si=8SBCf3ddRyCtk2cbd2RafA&#038;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Text Version<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The Courtauld Institute of Art\u2019s Conway Library houses an impressive photographic collection of architecture from a vast array of periods and locations. Some of the collection\u2019s earliest photos are dated from the 1850s and these are a mere couple of decades older than the oldest surviving photograph of an image formed in camera. Given the seemingly endless opportunities to do some armchair, or rather office chair, travelling and discover some of the world\u2019s most significant structures (many now destroyed to both war and time), it may perhaps seem strange that one would choose to focus on photographs of twentieth-century British architecture. However, these often under-loved and over-looked buildings have a story of their own to tell. Through this blog post, I hope to offer an expos\u00e9 of the collaborative work between Finsbury Council and architect <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berthold_Lubetkin\">Berthold Lubetkin<\/a> from the inter and post-war period. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Lubetkin\u2019s success in Britain started with the establishment of the architecture firm Tecton. Formed in the 1930s, the firm was an instrumental pioneer in bringing continental modernism to Britain. Whilst some of Tecton\u2019s most iconic builds are London Zoo\u2019s penguin pool and gorilla enclosure, founding architect Lubetkin is, in fact, responsible for some of London\u2019s more recognisable and perhaps infamous landmark social housing. His personal maxim was \u201cnothing is too good for ordinary people!\u201d and he strove to improve the living conditions of the working class. Spa Green Estate was the first of many projects designed to offer luxury features to working class families, including lifts, central heating, electrical and gas appliances, running water, a waste-disposal system, balconies and a laundry-drying roof terrace. The amenities offered far exceeded those enjoyed by the majority of the population at the time.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_432\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-432\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-432\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/1-e1565088516361.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/1-e1565088516361.jpg 2712w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/1-e1565088516361-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/1-e1565088516361-768x570.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/1-e1565088516361-1024x760.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-432\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spa Green Estate in Finsbury, EC1, opened in 1949. The Conway Library. The Courtauld Institute of Art, CC-BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Born in what is now Georgia, Lubetkin emigrated to the UK in the early 1930s. His formal training was completed in the USSR at VKhUTEMAS, a state funded art and technical school in Moscow where Lubetkin witnessed the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, allegedly from his bedroom window. It was undoubtedly this formation, both creative and political, which led to his neo-constructivist style. Particularly taken with the idea of the &#8220;artist engineer&#8221; who uses industrial techniques to produce socially useful objects, Lubetkin was committed to socially driven architecture. Arguably, no structure embodies his ideals more than the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finsbury_Health_Centre\">Finsbury Health Centre<\/a>. Commissioned by Finsbury council, led by devout socialist Alderman Harold Riley, and backed by the chairman of the public health committee, Dr Chuni Lal Katial, the Finsbury Health Centre marked the dawning of a new era of Public Health Service. Planning and construction began in 1935 and the centre was ready for opening in 1938, a full decade before the advent of Britain\u2019s National Healthcare System.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_433\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-433\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-433\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/2.jpg 3000w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/2-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/2-768x523.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/2-1024x697.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-433\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Finsbury Health Centre Fa\u00e7ade, EC1, opened in 1938. The Conway Library. The Courtauld Institute of Art, CC-BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">However, the opening of the centre was unfortunate timing as World War Two broke out soon after and the building needed to be protected rather than up and running \u2013 although it was used as a bandaging centre for civilian causalities throughout the war. In order to limit damage from bombing, the centre was covered in sandbags, cracking many of the glass bricks in the fa\u00e7ade and wings which then needed to be repaired. This cost of this repair work combined with post-war austerity meant that the building\u2019s finishes, such as the plumbing, could not be completed according to Lubetkin\u2019s plans and standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/4-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-430\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/4-1.png\" alt=\"Plans of the Finsbury Health Centre by Lubetkin and Tecton, featuring a welcoming open-plan layout and a design to let in as much natural light as possible, 1938, Riba Architecture, (DR50\/1(1)) and (DR50\/1(7))\" width=\"600\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/4-1.png 2170w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/4-1-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/4-1-768x558.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/4-1-1024x744.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_431\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-431\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/5-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-431\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/5-1.png\" alt=\"Plans of the Finsbury Health Centre by Lubetkin and Tecton, featuring a welcoming open-plan layout and a design to let in as much natural light as possible, 1938, Riba Architecture, (DR50\/1(1)) and (DR50\/1(7))\" width=\"600\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/5-1.png 2128w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/5-1-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/5-1-768x551.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/5-1-1024x734.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-431\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plans of the Finsbury Health Centre by Lubetkin and Tecton, featuring a welcoming open-plan layout and a design to let in as much natural light as possible, 1938, Riba Architecture, (DR50\/1(1)) and (DR50\/1(7))<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">As the fighting escalated, society was increasingly committed to providing more equality and fairness come peacetime. The ever-growing labour party promised a utopian fantasy of what the future could be, and this was reflected in the modernist architecture of new municipal buildings that councils were erecting. Modernism represented hope and potential, as the poster featuring the Finsbury Health Centre by Abram Games highlights. The contrast between the shiny new centre and the derelict slums behind it underline the sub-par living conditions of the working class prior to and during the war. The 1943 poster was purportedly banned by Churchill as he believed that it exaggerated the state the poor in slums were living in (many of whom had fought in the war) and shed a negative light on the conservative party who had been in power for the majority of the twentieth century.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_435\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-435\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-435\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/6.jpg 2628w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/6-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/6-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/6-1024x737.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-435\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poster featuring the Finsbury Health Centre, 1943 by Abram Games, Imperial War Museum (Art.IWM PST 2911)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">A better quality of life which included good health was being promised to those for whom lack of information, neglect and inaccessibility to health care had been cutting life short.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The mural in the health centre with slogans such as \u201cchest diseases are preventable and curable\u201d create a sense of hope but also illustrate how illnesses that now seem easily treatable were once fatal to many. Come 1948, the NHS looked to the Finsbury Health centre to found many of its ideals as it was upheld as a model structure for the provision of public healthcare. The centre\u2019s aims were to unite the borough\u2019s divided health care services, create a standardised system and provide free health care for all of the borough\u2019s residents. A true testament to the daring vision of early British socialism and Lubetkin\u2019s constructivist design, the Finsbury Health Centre has been awarded Grade 1 listing and thanks to the efforts of the FHC Preser<\/span><span class=\"s1\">vation Trust and NHS Property Services, is still serving patients to this day.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_436\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-436\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-436\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/7.jpg 2704w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/7-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/7-768x544.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2019\/08\/7-1024x725.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-436\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Finsbury Health Centre Mural by Gordon Cullen, EC1, opened in 1938. The Conway Library. The Courtauld Institute of Art, CC-BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Aya Bolt<br \/>\nCourtauld Connects Digitisation Oxford Micro-Internship Participant<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Audio Version Read by Christopher Williams Text Version The Courtauld Institute of Art\u2019s Conway Library houses an impressive photographic collection of architecture from a vast array of periods and locations. Some of the collection\u2019s earliest photos are dated from the 1850s and these are a mere couple of decades older than the oldest surviving photograph&hellip;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/2019\/08\/07\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\/\" title=\"View &lsquo;Aya Bolt: Finbsury, Lubetkin\u2019s Socialist Utopia&rsquo;\">View <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":204,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[313,4,6],"tags":[178,75,412,79,46,181,179,18,14,21,183,180,177,74,68,184,78,182],"class_list":["post-426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-micro-internship","category-photographic-library-digitisation-project","category-the-conway-library","tag-abram-games","tag-architecture","tag-audio","tag-berthold-lubetkin","tag-black-and-white","tag-bolshevik-revolution","tag-churchill","tag-conway","tag-courtauld","tag-digitisation","tag-finsbury-council","tag-finsbury-health-centre","tag-gordon-cullen","tag-modernism","tag-photography","tag-spa-green-estate","tag-tecton","tag-vkhutemas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Aya Bolt: Finbsury, Lubetkin\u2019s Socialist Utopia - Digital Media<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/2019\/08\/07\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Aya Bolt: Finbsury, Lubetkin\u2019s Socialist Utopia - Digital Media\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Audio Version Read by Christopher Williams Text Version The Courtauld Institute of Art\u2019s Conway Library houses an impressive photographic collection of architecture from a vast array of periods and locations. Some of the collection\u2019s earliest photos are dated from the 1850s and these are a mere couple of decades older than the oldest surviving photograph&hellip;View &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/2019\/08\/07\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Digital Media\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-08-07T14:05:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-05T16:23:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\/digitalmedia\/files\/2019\/08\/1-e1565088516361.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Digitisation Placement\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Digitisation Placement\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/digitalmedia\\\/2019\\\/08\\\/07\\\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/digitalmedia\\\/2019\\\/08\\\/07\\\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Digitisation Placement\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/digitalmedia\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ab20727f7304caf038b1fd62ba1b33bb\"},\"headline\":\"Aya Bolt: Finbsury, Lubetkin\u2019s Socialist Utopia\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-08-07T14:05:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-05T16:23:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/digitalmedia\\\/2019\\\/08\\\/07\\\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1044,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/digitalmedia\\\/2019\\\/08\\\/07\\\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/digitalmedia\\\/files\\\/2019\\\/08\\\/1-e1565088516361.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Abram Games\",\"Architecture\",\"Audio\",\"Berthold Lubetkin\",\"black and white\",\"Bolshevik Revolution\",\"Churchill\",\"conway\",\"courtauld\",\"digitisation\",\"Finsbury Council\",\"Finsbury Health Centre\",\"Gordon Cullen\",\"Modernism\",\"photography\",\"Spa Green Estate\",\"Tecton\",\"VKhUTEMAS\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Micro-Internship\",\"Photographic Library Digitisation Project\",\"The Conway Library\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/digitalmedia\\\/2019\\\/08\\\/07\\\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/digitalmedia\\\/2019\\\/08\\\/07\\\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.courtauld.ac.uk\\\/digitalmedia\\\/2019\\\/08\\\/07\\\/aya-bolt-finbsury-lubetkins-socialist-utopia\\\/\",\"name\":\"Aya Bolt: Finbsury, Lubetkin\u2019s Socialist Utopia - 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